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04. Time, Numbers & Calendar

Mastering the numbers 1 through 10 unlocks the logic for the entire numerical system. The days of the week match Hindi exactly, as both are derived from Sanskrit planetary names.

1. Core Numerical Logic

Learning the base numbers allows you to manage fares, quantities, and addresses.

  • 0: Sonne ⟨SON-ney⟩ (Hindi: Shunya - note the shared root)
  • 1: Ondu ⟨ON-doo⟩
  • 2: Eradu ⟨AY-ruh-doo⟩
  • 3: Mooru ⟨MOO-roo⟩
  • 4: Naalku ⟨NAAL-koo⟩
  • 5: Aidhu ⟨EYE-doo⟩
  • 6: Aaru ⟨AA-roo⟩
  • 7: Yelu ⟨YAY-loo⟩
  • 8: Entu ⟨EN-too⟩
  • 9: Ombathu ⟨OM-buh-too⟩
  • 10: Hattu ⟨HUT-too⟩. Notice the shift from the ancient root Pattu.

The 'Teens' and Multiples of Ten

  • 11: Hannondu ⟨hun-NON-doo⟩ (Hattu + Ondu).
  • 12: Hanneradu ⟨hun-NAY-ruh-doo⟩ (Hattu + Eradu).
  • 20: Ippathu ⟨IP-puh-too⟩. The '-thu' ending denotes a multiple of ten.
  • 30: Muvathu ⟨MOO-vuh-too⟩.
  • 40: Nalavathu ⟨nuh-LUH-vuh-too⟩.
  • 50: Aivathu ⟨EYE-vuh-too⟩ (Based on 5/Aidhu).
  • 60: Aruvathu ⟨uh-ROO-vuh-too⟩ (Based on 6/Aaru).
  • 100: Nooru ⟨NOO-roo⟩. Vital for larger transactions and rent discussions.
  • 1000: Saavira ⟨SAA-vee-rah⟩.
  • Lakh: Laksha ⟨LUK-shah⟩. (Hindi: Laakh)

2. Fractions and Measurements

Essential for buying vegetables or telling precise time.

  • Ardha ⟨AR-dhah⟩ (Half):
    • Usage: "Ardha gante ⟨GUN-tey⟩" (Half hour).
    • Hindi Parallel: Aadha.
  • Kaalu ⟨KAA-loo⟩ (Quarter):
    • Usage: "Moora-kaalu ⟨MOO-ruh-KAA-loo⟩" (3:15 / Three and a quarter).
  • Muk-kaalu ⟨MOOK-KAA-loo⟩ (3/4th):
    • Usage: "Mooru-muk-kaalu ⟨MOO-roo-MOOK-KAA-loo⟩" (3:45).

3. Time and Scheduling Logistics

These nouns and adverbs allow you to coordinate meetings and set expectations.

  • Samaya ⟨suh-MY-yah⟩ (Time): Noun used to ask duration or exact clock time.
    • Usage: "Samaya eshtu ⟨ESH-too⟩?" (What is the time?)
  • Gante ⟨GUN-tey⟩ (Hour):
    • Usage: "Ondu ⟨ON-doo⟩ gante" (1 o'clock or 1 hour duration).
  • Nimisha ⟨NEE-mee-shah⟩ (Minute):
    • Usage: "Hattu ⟨HUT-too⟩ nimisha" (10 minutes).
  • Eega ⟨EE-gah⟩ (Now): Temporal adverb indicating the present moment.
    • Usage: "Eega banni ⟨BUN-nee⟩" (Come right now).
  • Aamele ⟨AAH-may-ley⟩ (Later): Extremely common in delaying tactics or scheduling.
    • Usage: "Aamele banni" (Come later).

Days of the Week

The days of the week share identical Sanskrit roots with Hindi. Add "-vaara" ⟨VAA-rah⟩.

  • Sunday: Bhanu-vaara ⟨BHAA-noo-VAA-rah⟩
  • Monday: Soma-vaara ⟨SOH-mah-VAA-rah⟩
  • Tuesday: Mangala-vaara ⟨MUN-guh-lah-VAA-rah⟩
  • Wednesday: Budha-vaara ⟨BOO-dhah-VAA-rah⟩
  • Thursday: Guru-vaara ⟨GOO-roo-VAA-rah⟩
  • Friday: Shukra-vaara ⟨SHOO-krah-VAA-rah⟩
  • Saturday: Shani-vaara ⟨SHUH-nee-VAA-rah⟩

The Daily Calendar

  • Beligge ⟨BAY-lig-gey⟩ (Morning): "Beligge 8 gante" (Morning 8 AM).
  • Madhyana ⟨mud-HYAA-nah⟩ (Afternoon): "Madhyana oota ⟨OO-tah⟩" (Afternoon lunch).
  • Sanje ⟨SUN-jey⟩ (Evening): "Sanje coffee" (Evening coffee).
  • Rathri ⟨RAAH-tree⟩ (Night): "Rathri oota" (Dinner).
  • Ivathu ⟨ee-VUH-too⟩ (Today): "Ivathu raje ⟨RAH-jay⟩ ide" (Today is a holiday).
  • Naale ⟨NAA-ley⟩ (Tomorrow): "Naale sigona ⟨see-GOH-nah⟩" (Let's meet tomorrow).
  • Ninne ⟨NIN-ney⟩ (Yesterday): "Ninne bandru ⟨BUN-droo⟩" (Came yesterday).
  • Nadiddu ⟨nuh-DID-doo⟩ (Day after tomorrow): "Nadiddu banni" (Come the day after).